Kościół San Saba – miejsce duchem średniowiecza przesiąknięte

San Saba, korytarz przy zakrystii, wizerunek siedmiu mnichów sabatynów

San Saba, korytarz przy zakrystii, wizerunek siedmiu mnichów sabatynów

Niedaleko szerokiej arterii via Tuscolana, w małej uliczce o nazwie via di San Saba, czeka na nas nie lada niespodzianka. Już samo wejście po stromych schodach i przekroczenie bramy, a następnie znalezienie się na małym, otoczonym roślinnością dziedzińcu rozbudza emocje. Wieczorem, w blasku żółtego światła lamp, dostrzec można niepozorną, wręcz nieatrakcyjną fasadę kościoła. Na jej portalu widnieje napis głoszący, że każdego dnia z tego domu kochająca matka niosła tacę fasoli dla swojego syna na Clivus Scauri.

San Saba, korytarz przy zakrystii, wizerunek siedmiu mnichów sabatynów
San Saba, nawa główna, otwarta więźba dachowa i posadzka Cosmatich
San Saba, wejście na dziedziniec kościoła od strony via di San Saba
San Saba na Małym Awentynie, fasada
San Saba, wnętrze
San Saba, pozostałości po schola cantorum
San Saba, cyborium i absyda z freskami
San Saba, fresk w absydzie, Ukrzyżowanie
San Saba, fresk czwartej nawy - Cud św. Mikołaja

Niedaleko szerokiej arterii via Tuscolana, w małej uliczce o nazwie via di San Saba, czeka na nas nie lada niespodzianka. Już samo wejście po stromych schodach i przekroczenie bramy, a następnie znalezienie się na małym, otoczonym roślinnością dziedzińcu rozbudza emocje. Wieczorem, w blasku żółtego światła lamp, dostrzec można niepozorną, wręcz nieatrakcyjną fasadę kościoła. Na jej portalu widnieje napis głoszący, że każdego dnia z tego domu kochająca matka niosła tacę fasoli dla swojego syna na Clivus Scauri.

      Kościół San Saba, wejście na
      dziedziniec kościoła od strony
      via di San Saba

Kim była owa kochająca matka? Nikim innym jak św. Sylwią, matką papieża Grzegorza I Wielkiego, który w tym czasie przebywał w pobliskim klasztorze San Andreas. Tu znajdował się bowiem, według legendy, dom Sylwii, żony Gordiana Anicjusza, jednego z najzamożniejszych rzymskich urzędników i posiadaczy ziemskich. Obydwoje wychwalani przez Kościół za swoje chrześcijańskie cnoty, znaleźli się w gronie świętych. Sylwia po śmierci męża pędziła tu samotny, oddany ascezie i modlitwie żywot, przerywany owymi spacerami do syna w celu pokrzepienia jego zdrowia. To ona ponoć przed śmiercią (w 592 r.) ufundowała w tym miejscu oratorium (Cella Nova), które stanowiło zaczyn pierwszego, powstałego w VI albo VII wieku kościoła. Obok niego wyrósł z czasem klasztor, przeznaczony dla sabatynów, czyli zgrupowania mnichów, którym patronował św. Saba. W 645 roku, uciekając przed muzułmanami z Palestyny do Rzymu, greccy mnisi, głównie ci z klasztoru Mar Saba, przenieśli kult pustelnika Saby na ziemię włoską. Klasztor szybko zaczął odgrywać znaczącą rolę w ówczesnym życiu religijnym miasta, stał się bastionem Kościoła wschodniego, a jego przeorzy brali udział we wszystkich poselstwach do Konstantynopola, reprezentując tam stanowisko biskupa Rzymu. Jak wiemy, religijno-polityczne dyskusje pomiędzy Rzymem a Konstantynopolem ciągnęły się wieki i zakończyły schizmą. Z czasem znaczenie sabatynów przebrzmiało, a klasztor i kościół popadły w ruinę i trwały w niej aż do przejęcia ich, po 1054 roku, przez zakon benedyktynów z Monte Casino.  W 1205 roku, za pontyfikatu papieża Innocentego III, kościół został przebudowany i ozdobiony wspaniałymi malowidłami i dekoracjami z inkrustowanego marmuru. W drugiej połowie XV wieku stworzono w absydzie wsparte na czterech kolumnach cyborium (dziś częściowo zrekonstruowane) i dekorujące jej ściany freski. Zmieniono też gruntownie wygląd fasady głównej, budując okazałą loggię, tak że kampanila i trójkątny szczyt ledwie wystają zza jej szerokich ramion. Ale i to nie pomogło powoli popadającemu w zapomnienie kościołowi, który w międzyczasie dostał się w ręce Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum, a tym samym jezuitów. Do dziś pozostaje pod ich opieką.

      Kościół San Saba, wnętrze

Do wnętrza wprowadza nas portal w stylu Cosmatich. Wspaniała posadzka wykonana przez ten warsztat (XII w.) przypomina czasy świetności kościoła. Prace Cosmatich podziwiać możemy również w prawej nawie bocznej (resztki schola cantorum), a także na ulokowanym tuż przy ścianie absydy prostym fotelu biskupim. Należy zatrzymać się właśnie przy owych pozostałościach, gdyż są one dziełem rodu Vassallettich, najwybitniejszych rzemieślników swego fachu, tych samych, którzy uświetnili swoją pracą najpiękniejsze średniowieczne krużganki rzymskie, te w bazylikach św. Pawła za Murami (San Paolo fuori le mura) i św. Jana na Lateranie (San Giovanni in Laterano).

Kościół jest bazyliką z transeptem i dwiema nawami bocznymi, do których – po lewej stronie od wejścia – dobudowano w XIII wieku czwartą nawę.   Antyczne kolumny unoszą arkadowe przęsła, a światło dochodzi do wnętrza przez stosunkowo małe, wysoko osadzone okna. Dziś ściany nawy głównej są puste, ale ongiś dekorowały je malowidła. Jak na Rzym rzadka, otwarta więźba dachowa robi imponujące wrażenie, przenosząc nas mentalnie w czasy wczesnego średniowiecza.

Elementem, który przyciąga wzrok każdego, kto znajdzie się w środku tego ascetycznego wnętrza, jest dekoracja absydy. Jej scena główna przedstawia ukrzyżowanego Chrystusa oraz – u jego stóp – pogrążonych w żałości Marię i Jana Ewangelistę.  Malowidło to zniewala swoją cichą melancholią. Chrystus na krzyżu nie wydaje się cierpieć pomimo krwawiącej rany, patrzy na nas uważnie wąskimi, migdałowymi oczami. W spojrzeniu tym jest wręcz jakiś rodzaj zaciekawienia. Jan dostrzega ten wyraz, bacznie przyglądając się swemu nauczycielowi, natomiast Maria – piękna młoda kobieta o równie migdałowych oczach – nie patrzy na syna, oddana własnym myślom. Ujęcia rąk Marii, podnoszącej je jakby w geście skargi, i Jana, który zdaje się je załamywać, są schematyczne, ich twarze nie wyrażają uczuć, ale przenikliwy wzrok Chrystusa pozostawia w widzu niezatarte wrażenie. Malowidło to należy do cyklu scen, szczelnie wypełniających absydę. Tworzą one szersze i węższe pasy. Dostrzeżemy tam szereg apostołów z atrybutami ich męczeństwa, równo ustawione owieczki, z tą środkową w aureoli spoczywającą na tronie, i wreszcie samego Chrystusa w najwyższym paśmie, któremu towarzyszą święci Saba i Andrzej. U nasady ściany dostrzeżemy jeszcze jedną interesującą scenę, tym razem jest to Nawiedzenie.

      Kościół San Saba, fresk w absydzie,
      Ukrzyżowanie

Ale to jeszcze nie wszystko, co kościół oferuje wytrawnemu poszukiwaczowi skarbów. Gdy skierujemy kroki do dobudowanej, czwartej nawy po lewej stronie, dojrzymy pozostałości XIII-wiecznych fresków romańskich.  Jeden z nich, w miarę dobrze zachowany, przedstawia najbardziej chwalebny czyn św. Mikołaja z Miry – czyli uratowanie cnoty trzech dziewic. Do owych półnagich, śpiących dziewcząt nachyla się zza murów brodaty starzec, podając im tajemniczy, nie za duży, można nawet powiedzieć skromny worek. Te jednak, pogrążone we śnie, nie dostrzegają tego gestu. Równie twardo wydaje się spać towarzyszący dziewczętom ojciec. Tak średniowieczny malarz opowiada nam apokryficzną historię o św. Mikołaju i trzech córkach, pochodzących z uczciwej, bogobojnej, ale biednej rodziny. Los córek bez posagu, jakkolwiek byłyby piękne, wydaje się przesądzony – albo pozostaną starymi pannami, albo, co gorsza, w sposób haniebny stracą cnotę. Jak widzimy, staropanieństwo, jeszcze w czasach wczesnego chrześcijaństwa będące najwyższą cnotą, z biegiem czasu przestaje nią być, stając się wręcz rodzajem ułomności. Ale modły do św. Mikołaja działają cuda – w worku kryje się bowiem złoto na posag, a tym samym ratunek dla całej rodziny. Malarz kreuje grupę dziewcząt schematycznie i bez polotu, ale mimo że golizna w tym czasie nie była w malarstwie en vogue, nie mógł odmówić sobie odmalowania ich nagich torsów, jakby oczywistym było, że bogobojne dziewice śpią roznegliżowane we wspólnym łożu, w dodatku razem ze swoim ojcem.   

Inny fresk ukazuje Madonnę z Dzieciątkiem w towarzystwie św. Saby i, częściowo tylko zachowanego, św. Andrzeja. Pozostałe przedstawiają papieża, najprawdopodobniej Grzegorza I Wielkiego, w towarzystwie bliżej niezidentyfikowanych świętych postaci.

Kościół został gruntownie przebudowany w XX wieku. W jego przedsionku wyeksponowano znalezione i zabezpieczone artefakty z czasów antyku (sarkofag z IV wieku, elementy architektoniczne) i średniowiecza (pozostałości reliefów i kamiennych dekoracji). Odkryto też wspomniane oratorium św. Sylwii z freskami pochodzącymi z VII–X wieku. Część znalezisk znajduje się w korytarzu obok zakrystii. Na jego ścianach dostrzeżemy piękną scenę Uzdrowienie paralityka przez Chrystusa z VIII wieku oraz zbiorowy portret siedmiu mnichów, dzieło z IX wieku.

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      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '14' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 14
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '15' and `lang` = 'pl'840μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 15
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '15' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 15
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')670μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '16' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 16
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '16' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')740μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 16
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'670μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '17' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')750μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '18' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 18
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '18' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 18
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')690μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')800μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'630μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '198' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 198
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '198' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 198
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '198' and `lang` = 'pl'770μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 198
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '198' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 198
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '198'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 198
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '198' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1630μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 198
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '198'740μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 198
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '17' limit 1370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '16' limit 1500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 16
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '198'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 198
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3395' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3395
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3396' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3396
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3397' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3397
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')590μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3398' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3398
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3399' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3399
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3400' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3400
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3401' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3401
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3402' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3402
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3403' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3403
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3404' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3404
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3405' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3405
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3406' and `lang` = 'pl'770μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3406
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3407' and `lang` = 'pl'860μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3407
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3408' and `lang` = 'pl'760μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3408
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')740μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3409' and `lang` = 'pl'810μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3409
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')1.11msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3410' and `lang` = 'pl'1.28msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3410
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '198'1.01msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 198
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '12' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null830μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 12
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. 12
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '12' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '75'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '75' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '195'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '195' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '199' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '231'600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '231' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')280μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '16' and `lang` = 'pl'610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '198'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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